Charvaka Darshana (चार्वाक दर्शन)

Topic: Charvaka Darshana
Subject: Padarth Vigyan Part-I
Chapter: Ayurveda Darshana Nirupana
Course: BAMS First year

Hello learners, Welcome to Sanskrit Gurukul. In this post, we will study Charvaka Darshana (Philosophy) and its influence on Ayurveda. This topic is part of Padarth Vigyan, BAMS course, first year. In this Second Chapter, Ayurveda Darshana nirupana, we have already covered the following topics:

• Ayurveda Darshana nirupana
• Classification of Darshana, Nyaya Darshana (दर्शन के प्रकार, न्याय दर्शन)
• Samkhya Darshana (सांख्य दर्शन)
• Yoga Darshana (योग दर्शन)
• Mimamsa Darshana (मीमांसा दर्शन)
• Vaisesika Darshan (वैशेषिक दर्शन)
• Vedanta Darshana(वेदान्त दर्शन)

Charvaka Darshana

It is the first and oldest Nastika Darshana. Its references are also available in Mahabharata and Bhagvat Geeta etc. Lord Krishna condemned it for not having any moral values or ethics. This Darshana says that the world is entirely materialistic. The creation is just an assemblage of different elements in a particular order and the variations are due to its inherent factors and chemical reactions. Charva’ka (Chant means sweet, yak means words) means the sweet-tongued. They talk sweetly, eat or swallow the words without care of Punya or Papa (No moral, no ethics). Carvaka is otherwise called lokayata. The object which spreads in the entire universe with ease is called Lokayata. As it is born out of Brhaspati it is also called `Barhaspatya’, which means nastika school of thought.

“चैतन्य विशिष्टः कायः पुरुषः

• This Darshana doesn’t accept the authenticity of Veda, Ishwara (God), Swarga (the heaven), Punarjanma (rebirth), Adrishta (fate), Kaivalya (salvation), Dharma (ethics), Nyaya (moral values), Shilata (character), Punya karma and Papa karma.
• Believing or worshipping God is a matter of inefficiency and superstitious as per this Darshana.
• Believes only the visible world and its objects (it believes only Pratyaksha pramana, the direct perceptive knowledge).
• A man is born as a result of sexual hunger, but not due to Vidhi or Karma.
• Nature or conduct of a person is the only genetic outcome, but not due to results of previous birth.
• Pleasures sex and other happiness can be enjoyed by anybody without any restrictions or rules as per the capacity of the individual.
• Living happily by any means is only the aim of the person (Charvak).
• ‘Non-violence is nature’s right; a weak animal is food for the stronger. Hence a capable person can achieve anything by any means without any restrictions, rules, or fear.
• Life starts in the body naturally without any divine process.
• The signs of life (Chetana Lakshanas) are due to natural chemical changes. But, not with the entry of “Atma”. (Beliefs Swabhavoparamawad).
• Life or Atma is the part of the body that destroys along with the body only (no existence of Chetana after death).
• Sensual happiness is the Swarga and miseries are Naraka.
• The atoms of Prithvi, Jala, Vayu, and agni (only 4 Bhutas) are responsible for the evolution of creation.
• The king is the god.
• Later some people of Charvaka also accepted Anumana Pramana
• In their view, Dharma is not purusartha, as there is no paraloka. Carvakas states that happy living until death is important. Getting loans, consuming ghee, and leading their entire life happily, is their basic concept.

The Charvaka Darshana is propagated in the following 4 stages-

• Bharhaspatya of Brihaspati
• Lokayata of Ajitakesha-kambala
• Charvaka of Charuvaka.
• Nastika of Purandhara.

Charvak is “Jadawada or Vitandawada or Bhutatmawada” (Accepts only physical body and no separate Atma). It is not existed or been followed for a longer time for not possessing any moral values or ethics.

Charvaka Darshan and Ayurveda

Ayurveda has never accepted the views of Charvaka Darshana directly. But Charaka while explaining the protection of health indirectly accepted the views of ‘Charvaka Darshana’ as under

Sarvamanyat Parityajya Shareeram anupalayet Tad abhave hi bhavanam sarvabhava shareerinam’

Meaning – ‘Health should be maintained by leaving other matters aside. If health is not maintained properly one cannot lead a happy life.

चार्वाक दर्शन

चार्वाक दर्शन के प्रवर्तक महर्षि चार्वाक है। इस दर्शन को बृहस्पत्य दर्शन भी कहा जाता है। यह केवल प्रत्यक्ष प्रमाण को ही मानता है। यह सृष्टि की उत्पत्ति में, पृथ्वी, जल, तेज और वायु, ये चार महाभूत को मानता है। ये चेतनमय शरीर को पुरुष मान लिया है, इनका मानना है की जिस प्रकार चूने और हल्दी के संयोग से लालियाँ उत्पन्न होता है उसी प्रकार इन चार महाभूतो के संयोग से शरीर में चेतना उत्पन्न होती है।

• यह ईश्वर को नहीं मानता और मृत्यु को ही मोक्ष मानता है तथा काम को ही पुरूषार्थ मानता है।
• इसके मतानुसार पाप पुण्य तथा स्वर्ग नरक कुछ नहीं है।
• यह दर्शन सांसारिक सुख को ही स्वर्ग व सांसारिक दुख को ही नरक मानता है।
• इस दर्शनकार का कहना है की जब तक जियो खाओ, पियो और मौज उड़ाओ चाहे हमें क़र्ज़ ही क्यों ना हो जाये।
• इस दर्शन के अनुसार शरीर ही आत्मा है इसकी रक्षा करनी चाहिए तथा इसको कोई कष्ट नहीं पहुँचाना चाहिये।
• यज्ञ और वेदों की निस्सारता (खण्डन)
• पुरुषार्थ: पुत्रपान आलिंगन ही पुरुषार्थ कहलाता है।
• नर्क: कण्ठकादिजन्यं दुःखमेव नरक।
• मोक्ष: शरीर का नाश होना।
• इस संसार को चलाने वाला ही ईश्वर है।

यावज्जीवेत् सुखं जीवेद् ऋणं कृत्वा घृतं पिबेत्।
भस्मीभूतस्य देहस्य पुनरागमनं कुतः॥

चार्वाक दर्शन

आयुर्वेद से समानता

• यह प्रत्यक्ष प्रमाण को मानता है। तथा शरीर की सुरक्षा तथा चिन्ता दोनो को है।
• आयुर्वेद तथा चार्वाक दोनो सुख प्राप्ति की ओर अग्रसर करते है।

In the next lesson, we will learn more about other Darshana. If this post helps you in understanding the Padarth vigyan and Charvaka Darshana better, please like and share the post. It will keep us motivated. For any query and question please comment below and will try to solve it asap. अगले पाठ में हम अन्य दर्शनों के बारे में और जानेंगे। अगर यह पोस्ट आपको पदार्थ विज्ञान और चार्वाक दर्शन को बेहतर ढंग से समझने में मदद करती है, तो कृपया पोस्ट को लाइक और शेयर करें। यह हमें प्रेरित करता रहेगा। किसी भी प्रश्न और प्रश्न के लिए कृपया नीचे टिप्पणी करें और इसे जल्द से जल्द हल करने का प्रयास करेंगे।